The Warehouse Theory of Coin Collecting/Investing Revisited

A few years ago, I wrote an article entitled “The Warehouse Theory of Coin Investing.” The gist of this article was that there are certain coins that remain in such demand with collectors that a sound investment theory might be to stockpile attractive examples of these and work with a specialized dealer who could then, over the course of time, resell them to other collectors. A coin that I used as the Poster Child for this was the 1854-D $3.00. If you had listened to this advice, you probably outperformed the market. There are clearly a small but definable group of coins that have been in strong demand over the last few years and their price levels have risen accordingly. Even in the now-weaker market of early 2009, I think many of these remain in demand and their overall level of value has stayed higher than other, “non-essential” coins.

What are some of the coins that I would suggest collectors put away multiples of in 2009?

I remain a big fan of any coin that has multiple levels of demand. What I mean by this, is a coin that is sought-after by collectors who might not normally be interested in this series. An example is the 1861-D gold dollar. Because of this issue’s association with the Confederacy, there is demand for it from collectors who are likely to never buy another Dahlonega coin of any date or denomination. But this coin is also sought by gold dollar specialists, last-year-of-issue collectors, Dahlonega specialists and collectors who like cool, historic coins, regardless of when or where they were produced.

What are some of the other coins that I would suggest collectors might be clever if they owned a few decent examples? Let’s look at this on a mint-by-mint basis. (Please note that this assumes that any duplicate coins purchased for “warehousing” meet the following criteria: choice for the grade, fairly priced and good overall eye appeal).

Carson City: Any 1870-CC gold coin is desirable and they always sell quickly for me when I have them in stock. Because of its currently high price I might not want to own two or three 1870-CC double eagles. I would be most likely to want multiple examples of the 1870-CC eagle in VF and EF grades as this issue remains a good value at current levels. I wouldn’t be opposed to owning multiple examples of any relatively affordable half eagle or eagle from the 1870’s that was totally original with great color and choice surfaces, especially if it were priced below $15,000.

Charlotte: The one Charlotte issue that comes to mind as being a great warehousing candidate would be the 1838-C half eagle in Very Fine to About Uncirculated grades. This issue’s status as a one-year type and a first-year-of-issue makes it extremely popular with collectors. My other two choices would be an 1838-C quarter eagle and an 1839-C half eagle. I might also suggest stockpiling any $3,000 or lower coin from this mint that was 100% virgin original.

Dahlonega: There are five very obvious warehouse choices from this mint: the 1855-D and 1861-D gold dollars, the 1854-D three dollar and the 1838-D and 1861-D half eagles. The first, third and fifth coins are one-year types while the second and the fourth have Confederate association(s). Another issue that I would give consideration to is the 1855-D quarter eagle. This has the lowest mintage of any Dahlonega coin and it is the single rarest issue produced at this mint. I would remind the potential warehouser of any or all of these coins that damaged or low-end examples need not apply. The same comment that I made for sub-$3,000 Charlotte coins applies to those made in Dahlonega as well.

Denver: Your basketball team is doing well this year but I don’t see many warehouse possibilities. With the possible exception of the scarce 1911-D eagle. Oh, and I like LoDo a lot...

New Orleans: There are five distinct one-year types from this mint: 1855-O gold dollar, 1839-O quarter eagle, 1854-O three dollar, 1909-O half eagle and 1879-O double eagle. I find all five of these to be popular and liquid, although I’m not sure that I consider all of them to be warehousing candidates. As an example, I wouldn’t suggest that anyone own multiple examples of the 1909-O in Extremely Fine. But I like this date in properly graded AU55 and above and I certainly would encourage a warehouser to salt away a few.

The New Orleans issues that I would be most inclined to suggest that someone own multiples of are the key issues that are still not fully valued. Some of these include the 1845-O quarter eagle, the 1847-O half eagle, the 1841-O, 1879-O and 1883-O eagles and the 1855-O double eagle.

Choice, original No Motto coins from New Orleans that are priced at below $3,000 seem like a good area to warehouse as well; especially half eagles.

Philadelphia: One of the problems about discussing gold coins from this mint is that you are looking at a lot of denominations (gold dollars through double eagles) and a long, long time of issuance (1795-1933). For the sake of this article, we’ll focus briefly on the early issues (pre-1834) and the Liberty Head issues (1840-1908).

There are lots of early gold coins that make sense as warehouse candidates. Most people are going to guess that I suggest famous issues like the 1796 No Stars quarter eagle. Actually, the coins I’d be more likely to want to warehouse are the Fat Head half eagles from the late 1820’s/early 1830’s. These coins are expensive and could certainly decline in value if the economy gets more uncertain but they are incredibly rare and, after many years of neglect, are now appreciated by many levels of collectors.

The Liberty Head issues that would make interesting warehouse candidates include the classic rarities from this mint: the 1841 and 1863 quarter eagles, the 1875 and 1876 three dollars, the 1887 half eagle and the 1875 eagle. I would also suggest a small number of very rare issues that, while not extremely popular (at least yet...) appear to represent good value relative to their rarity. These include the 1863 gold dollar, 1864 and 1865 quarter eagles, the 1863 and 1865 half eagles and the 1863, 1873, 1876 and 1877 eagles.

San Francisco: The obvious issues to warehouse from San Francisco would be the mega-rarities: 1854-S quarter eagle, 1864-S half eagle and 1864-S eagle. Even though there are a lot of undervalued and very rare issues from San Francisco, this mint’s comparative unpopularity leads me to believe that warehousing coins from the Barbary Coast might not be a stellar idea.

If you do decide to warehouse a specific issue (or more) my advice is to be under the radar. Let one dealer with who you have a good relationship know about it. I wouldn’t suggest you broadcast to the world that you own five 1838-D half eagles. If you are discrete about what you own, it will be to your advantage when it comes time to sell.

I currently know a number of collectors who warehouse certain gold issues and it is enjoyable for me to work with them. If this is something that intrigues you, please feel free to contact me via email at dwn@ont.com.

The 2009 Portland Spring ANA Show

I’m guessing it’s been close to twenty years since there was a major coin show in a city in which I lived. That’s why I was really excited about this year’s Mid-Winter ANA being held in my home town of Portland, Oregon. Even if the show was crummy, I’d be able to sleep in my own bed. Plus, I could show off my Portland Expert status to friends and acquaintances and rattle off a list of obscure restaurants (Peruvian? Check. Malaysian? Do you want Northern or Southern?) without having to pull out a Zagat’s. Portland doesn’t have a reputation as a Great Coin Town and to be honest I had very little in the way of expectations for this show, other than it being well run. That’s why I was so pleasantly surprised that it turned out to be quite good.

I have to give some kudos to the ANA. There were articles in the paper about the show, ads on TV; even my neighbors knew there was a coin show in town. This excellent publicity meant that the attendance would probably be good and it was. More on this in a second.

The first day of the show was devoted to wholesale trading and, for me, the action was a little less than my last few shows. The main reason for this was that I didn’t have much generic gold and generic gold remains incredibly hot.

This is a good time to go off on a mini-tangent. With the almost total focus of the gold market on generics right now, this seems like a good time for people who care about legitimately scarce and rare coins to be buying. I had a few dealers comment to me at the show that they are so focused on generics that they are slowing down their “real coin” business. That means less competition for me when I buy and I can focus on coins like New Orleans half eagles and Dahlonega quarter eagles when many of my usual competitors are busy making MS63 Liberty Head double eagles.

The second day of the show was when the public was let in and I was amazed at the stampede of collectors that came through the door around 10AM. Yes, there were sixteen hundred Boy Scouts and Brownies playing the Numismatic Trivia game but there were also real collectors with real want lists looking for real coins. Unlike the recent Long Beach show where I don’t think I could have sold a collector a Saint Gaudens double eagle for $16, I was able to sell a number of coins in Portland. More importantly, I met a lot of collectors from the Northwest who I either didn’t know or who I knew only through emailing.

The weekend was a bit less active but there were still collectors at the show on Saturday. For the first time since I had a fade haircut and wore a jacket with big shoulders, I stayed until closing on Sunday and was able to do some business until the bitter end.

I’d like to thank everyone who stopped by and chatted and everyone who bought coins. And, no, I will not recommend any more places to eat in Portland.

So, how does the market look now that we are in mid-March?

In my opinion, things continue to be better than I would have expected. No, the market isn’t “hot” (with the exception of generic gold). But nice coins are definitely selling, albeit at new levels. I would expect that with all the money dealers are making right now with their generic gold business, some of this will spill into rare coins. I also think that some of the new people buying MS62 and MS63 Saints and $20 Libs could possibly start buying rare coins in the coming weeks or months. I’m not extremely optimistic right now but I am less pessimistic than I was as recently as mid-January.

The end of March will see an interesting test of the market with the Baltimore show and a number of auctions all occurring. My guess is that Baltimore should be pretty active. I will be very curious to see how the auctions do.

I’ve mentioned generic gold a few times and before I close, I’d like to strongly suggest that if you own any, you might take some profits and sell out of a part of your position now; especially if you own double eagles. The premiums for these right now are as high as I can ever recall seeing. As an example, MS64 Liberty Head double eagles are now selling for $2,700-2,800 (or more, in some cases). Last year you had to beg people to buy them for $1,500. If I had a bunch of these put away right now (and I wish I had been smart enough to do so...) I would take some of my profits and move onto more undervalued areas.

If you do want to sell any generic gold, I would be happy to assist you. Please email me at DWN@ONT.COM and I can make offers on your coins and suggest a strategy for the coming months.

Cleaning Up Your Collection

As I write this, there is a real disconnect in the coin market. Simply put, despite what is very probably the worst economic year since the height of the Depression, the coin market remains comparatively vibrant. I think this represents something that many collectors are overlooking: this could be a great opportunity to clean up some of the messes in your collection and come out without taking a nasty financial hit.

This statement is making a big assumption: that the financial mess we are in now will impact the coin market more intensely than it has so far. Who knows; maybe it won’t. But my guess is that we will see a further drop in prices on coins that aren’t really exciting, either off-quality, not rare or a combination of the two.

If you are like most collectors, you’ve probably made some mistakes over the years. And if you are like most collectors you may have hidden your mistakes in the back of your safety deposit box and figured “out of sight, out of mind.” As I mentioned above, this might be a really good time to consider trimming the fat.

I have long been an advocate of the “quality trumps quantity” school of numismatics. In my experience, most collectors own too many coins. Some collectors own way too many coins and they have a considerable amount of money tied-up in “stuff” that has little relevance to their current collection. I think it’s a great idea every few years to weed out some of the stuff that has accumulated in your collection.

The coins that are most likely to lose value in the coming year are coins that have either gone up too much in value in the last few years to sustain their market or coins that have a limited amount of demand. You might want to include these along with the “what was I thinking when I bought that...” coins.

When you look through your collection, you should use what I called the “ahhh.... test.” Coins that you like are going to make you go “ahhh...” when you view them and you can probably remember the exact circumstances in which you purchased them. Coins that don’t speak to you or which don’t tweak your memory haven’t passed this test and they might be candidates for a purge.

You might own coins that you don’t really care much about but which are still strong. A great example of this is generic gold. Many collectors have salted away a few St. Gaudens double eagles or Liberty Head eagles over the years. They might not care at all about these but they might also be able to make a nice profit if they sell them at the currently-high premiums in the market. If I had a decent position of generics in my collection, I’d seriously consider taking a few and selling them right now.

I’d be even more interested in selling these Misfit Coins in my collection if I had an alternative coin coming down the pike that seemed like it was too good a deal to pass up...and I didn’t necessarily have the ready cash to make this deal happen.

Here’s another circumstance where you might have coins that are no longer useful to your collection. Let’s say you started a collection but lost interest and now you have a 50% complete set lying around. If the coins are nice quality and price levels aren’t way off on the series in question, it might not be a bad idea to sell the coins you have and use the money on coins in the set(s) you are actively collecting.

What is the best way to clean up your collection? You have a number of options and these options depend, at least in part, on the type(s) of coins that you own. If you live in a town with a reputable brick and mortar coin shop and you have pounds and pounds of “stuff” then selling this material outright or on consignment might be a good idea.

If what you have fits more into the specialist category, choose a specialist dealer to make an outright offer or to take the coin(s) on consignment.

And, of course, you can always go the auction route if you are thinking of selling very high-powered or highly specialized material.

In conclusion, this might be a good time to get rid of some of your less-exciting material at levels that aren’t going to insult your sensibilities. For what’s its worth, this is exactly what I’ve been doing with my own inventory for the last four to six months and even though I’ve had to make a few decisions that were painful at first, I’m very glad that I sold some of the coins I did at the prices they went away at.

Building A High Quality 19TH and 20TH Century U.S. Gold Type Set: The BVG Theory

In the last few decades, specialized (and highly specialized) collecting has become all the rage in numismatics. But back in the day, anyone who was anyone collected coins by type. I believe that the type method of collecting still applies well to United States gold; especially those coins produced from 1838 through 1933. I wrote an article in March 2000 in which I coined the phrase “Best Value Grade.” This concept (if not this phrase...) seemed to have a big impact on the people who read it and to this day I still have people refer to it when discussing individual coins with me.

In case you’ve forgotten what Best Value Grade or BVG means (and I accept your apology if you have forgotten) I described it as follows back in March 2000: “every U.S. coin has a price point above which it no longer makes economic sense to purchase it.” Let me give you a quick example of the BVG.

Let’s say you can buy a nice MS64 1899-S double eagle for around $3,000-3,500. Seems like a pretty reasonable price for a coin that is relatively scarce in this grade, is probably quite attractive and which has a very limited range of popularity. The same coin, if you can find it, costs around $20,000 in MS65. My belief is that unless you are a large-budget collector who absolutely has to have the best of everything, it makes more economic sense to buy this coin in MS64 and use the saved money for other more interesting items.

My BVG theory applies really well to gold type collecting. Let’s take a look at the various major gold types produced between 1838 or so (the introduction of the Classic Head design) and 1933 (the abolishment of gold issues for circulation).

I. Gold Dollars

There are three gold dollar types that are included in all type sets. The first, known as the Type One, was struck between 1849 and 1854. I personally feel that MS65 coins are the best value in this type. Given the small size of these coins, many collectors have a tough time determining the difference between an MS65 and an MS66 and the former is about half the price of the latter. At the present time, you can find a really nice MS65 Type One gold dollar for under $5,000. I’d pay a small premium and choose an 1849 as this is a neat first-year-of issue.

Type Two gold dollars were produced from 1854 through 1856 and they are among the more expensive coins in a gold type set. Even though MS65 examples have dropped quite a bit in price from a few years ago, I think a nice high end MS64 is a really good value right now. I have seen examples selling in the $15,000 range and this price point makes sense to me. For type purposes, either an 1854 or 1855 will suffice.

Type Three gold dollars were produced from 1856 through 1889. This is one type that as a collector I might splurge a bit on. Very high quality pieces are more available than one might expect and they often have exceptional eye appeal. I would select an MS67 for my type set and these coins are now available for around $4,000. I’d try and pick a date from the early 1880’s as these are a bit scarcer than the late 1880’s issues, yet sell for essentially the same price.

II. Quarter Eagles

Some type collectors begin their quarter eagles with the Liberty Head type but I would suggest adding a Classic Head as well. Produced from 1834 to 1839, this type is attractive, historic and highly collectible. Gem examples of this type are rare and expensive but MS63 and MS64 pieces are available. I would be inclined to go with an MS64. An 1834 or 1836 are the two relatively available dates of this type and a nice MS64 should be available in the $15,000-17,500 range.

The next quarter eagle type is the Liberty Head that was made from 1840 through 1907. I would personally choose an MS66 example for my type set. These had been in a price slump and had dipped well below the $3,000 level. With the current strength in the generic gold market they are back up to around $4,000 but are still good deals at this level. If possible, I’d choose a coin made in the 1890’s as opposed to one made in the early 1900’s.

The third and final quarter eagle type in this set is the popular Indian Head. This is another issue that has seen some price declines in the past few years in higher grades. I’d suggest a nice, handselected MS65. This is going to cost in the $3,500 to $4,000 range and it seems to me to be better value than an MS66 at more than double the price. I’d select a 1908; again, due to its first-year-of-issue status. III. Three Dollar

The charismatic Three Dollar gold piece was struck from 1854 to 1889. This is one of my personal favorite types in this set. The type collector has a number of options here. He can choose a common date in MS65 and probably find a really exceptional coin for less than $20,000. Or, he might choose a common date in MS64 for around $8,000-9,000. Due to the scarcity and uniqueness of this denomination, I might splurge and go for the MS65. The most common dates in high grades are the 1854, 1874, 1888 and 1889.

IV. Half Eagles

The first design type in our set is the Classic Head. It was made from 1834 through 1838. Gems are quite scarce and very expensive so most type collectors will focus on coins graded MS63 or MS64. The former should be available in the $12,500-15,000 range while the latter will cost $20,000 and up. I can see the argument for both sides when considering an MS63 or an MS64 for a BVG gold type set. I think I’d opt for a nice MS63 and I might try and look for any date other than the common 1834. Even though the 1839 is a distinct one-year type, most collectors include it in along with the standard Liberty Head design. There are two major subtypes: the No Motto issues of 1840-1866 and the With Motto issues of 1866-1907. I’ve become a pretty big fan of No Motto half eagles over the years and this is one type that I feel is worth stretching for. For the BVG type collector, the best options are an MS63 or an MS64. A nice example of the former can be found around $6,000-8,000 while the latter will cost $12,500 or so. The Philadelphia issues from the 1840’s and 1850’s are the logical choice for a type set. With Motto Liberty Head half eagles are an easy type to find even in very high grades. For this set, I’d go with a nice MS65 and expect to spend in the area of $4,000-5,000. I would look for a date struck in the 19th century versus one from the 20th century and would expect to pay little—if any—premium for this. The final half eagle type for this set is the Indian Head. The BVG for this type is kind of a no-brainer, given the fact that an MS65 costs around four times more than an MS64. I would look for a nice, high end MS64 and expect to find one in the $4,000-5,000 range.

V. Eagles

The first Liberty Head design type of 1838-1839 constitutes a distinct design but most collectors do not include this as a separate type in their set. Instead, they begin their set with the No Motto Liberty Head issues produced between 1840 and 1866. This is an extremely rare type in Gem and most collectors will be content to add an MS63 or an MS64. As far as the Best Value Grade goes, I’d be inclined to suggest a nice, high end MS63 in the $15,000-20,000 range but could also see the benefits of an MS64; in spite of the healthy $30,000++ price tag and the difficulty in finding such a coin. For most collectors, a Philadelphia coin from the 1847-1856 era is going to be included in their type set.

The With Motto Liberty Head eagles were made from 1866 to 1907 and they are substantially easier to find in high grades than their No Motto counterparts. I would recommend an MS65 and such a coin will cost around $5,000-6,000. As usual, I’d look for a 19th century date versus a 20th but the most important thing to consider for such a coin is the appearance and surface preservation as opposed to the date of issuance.

The final eagle for this type set is the Indian Head. These were issued from 1907 through 1933. This is an interesting design and it features dates that range from very common to very rare. For our BVG set we would focus on one of the common dates and would probably select anything other than the ultra-available 1926 or 1932. An MS65 will cost in the area of $5,000-6,000 and this should suffice.

VI. Double Eagles

There are two distinct designs that exist for this denomination. The first is the Liberty Head. These coins were struck from 1850 through 1907 and are found with three important subtypes.

The first Liberty Head type is the Type One, which was issued from 1850 through 1866. Until the discovery of a number of shipwrecks, this type was extremely rare in higher grades. Now, these coins are plentiful in higher grades. For a BVG type set I would be inclined to go with either an MS64 which will cost around $8,000-9,000 or an MS65 which will cost $12,500 or a bit more. The best issue for a type set is the 1857-S from the S.S. Central America shipwreck.

The Type Two Liberty Head double eagles were made from 1866 until 1876. They are extremely rare in high grades and for most collectors, a nice MS63 is about the best quality that is realistic. For a piece in this grade, we are looking at an expenditure of around $12,500 or so as opposed to $40,000++ for an MS64. The most available dates for a type set include the 1873 Open 3, 1875, 1876 and 1876-S.

The third and final Liberty Head issue is the Type Three. These coins were made from 1877 through 1907 and they are exceedingly common in higher grades. Most BVG collections will feature a nice MS65 and such a coin can generally be purchased for less than $5,000. There are many good dates to choose from but I would suggest, if possible, finding one made in the 19th century as opposed to the 20th century.

The final major gold type is the popular St. Gaudens, struck from 1907 through 1933. Some collectors include a 1907 High Relief in their type set but, for most collectors, a common date in high grades will suffice. I would recommend a very attractive MS66. For well under $4,000 the BVG collector should be able to purchase an outstanding example.

Assembling a high grade set of gold type coins produced from 1834 through 1933 is a good challenge for the beginning, intermediate or advanced collector. By using the Best Value Grade theory, the collector should be able to assemble a very high quality set without overreaching on any of the specific coins.

I would be happy to answer any questions about gold type coins or the theory of Best Value Grade and can be reached by email at dwn@ont.com.

The Bass 1855-C Quarter Eagle

2009 isn’t even two months old and I’ve already had the good fortune to handle some pretty special coins. I’d have to say that one of the very best that I’ve handled so far is the Bass 1855-C quarter eagle, graded MS65 by NGC, which is shown below. Let’s take an in-depth look at this specific coin and analyze where it fits into the Pantheon of Great Charlotte Quarter Eagles.



I regard the 1855-C as the second rarest Charlotte quarter eagle, trailing only the 1843-C Small Date. Of the 3,677 coins originally produced, an estimated 85-105 are known. This date tends to be found in the EF-AU grade range and it does not appear to have circulated with the intensity of other dates from this era which are more often found with considerable wear. At one time, the 1855-C was exceedingly rare in Uncirculated and when I wrote the first edition of my Charlotte book back in the 1980’s I was not aware of a single Mint State piece.

Due to gradeflation and new discoveries, the 1855-C has become a more available coin in Uncirculated and today there are as many as six or seven known. There are two really great pieces accounted for: the Bass coin and an example in a private collection graded MS64 by NGC and owned by dealer Harry Laibstain back around 2000-2001.

The Bass 1855-C is unquestionably the finest known 1855-C quarter eagle and it is one of just a handful of Gem quarter eagles from this mint (more on this later...). I had no idea that this coin even existed until I saw it when I viewed the Bass III sale in October 1999. Bass had supposedly obtained the coin via private treaty on August 31, 1977. When it made its initial auction appearance it was graded MS64 by PCGS but, according to my comments in the catalog, I graded it MS65 and described it as follows: “GEM!!!” After the sale, the owner cracked it out of its PCGS holder and sent it to NGC where it, rightfully, was upgraded to its current MS65 holder.

When viewing this coin, there are a few things that really stand out. The first is this coin’s amazing luster. I doubt that the image above will capture the subtleties of this coin’s incredible hybrid frosty/reflective texture. This issue is sometimes seen with good luster but on this example it is so dynamic that it gives the coin a unique “crisp” appearance that very, very few branch mint coins of any era possess.

There is some weakness of strike seen on the stars at the top and on the eagle’s right leg. This weakness is typical for the issue and, in fact, the overall detail seen is better than average. The surfaces are exceptionally clean with a virtual absence of marks. There are some raised die striations in the obverse fields and some mint-made roughness around the eagle on the reverse that add character to the overall appearance. Both sides have some light to medium rose and orange-gold color that is attractive as well.

When this coin was last sold at public auction in October 1999, it realized $41,400. It was later sold to a North Carolina collector and it has been off the market for close to a decade. I just sold it to an anonymous collector who specializes in Charlotte coins and it is regarded as one of the current highlights of his collection.

There are four Charlotte quarter eagles known to me that are decidedly better than all the other surviving examples from this mint. These are the only four Charlotte Liberty Head quarter eagles that I regard as Gems and it is pretty remarkable to think that out of the 217,833 pieces produced between 1840 and 1860 that only three Gems exist.

The Charlotte quarter eagle that I regard as the unquestionable finest known of any date is the Elrod 1842-C, graded MS65 by PCGS. This piece sold for $90,850 back in February 1999 and it is now owned by a Southern collector who is well-known for his discerning eye. The coin has also been graded MS65 by NGC. What is even more impressive about this coin is the fact that the 1842-C is an extremely rare coin in high grades and the Elrod coin is the finest of just three known in Uncirculated.

The 1843-C Large Date is among the more available Charlotte quarter eagles in Uncirculated and there are two Gems known. The first is currently graded MS66 by NGC and it was earlier in a PCGS MS65 holder. What is remarkable about this coin (besides its grade) is the fact that it was once in an ANACS MS64 holder and it sold at auction for a paltry $5,500 back in September 1997. The second Gem 1843-C Large Date is a PCGS MS65 that is currently owned by a North Carolina specialist. I have had the chance to view this coin and it is a bona-fide Gem with superb luster, color and surfaces. The fourth and final Gem Charlotte quarter eagle is, of course, the Bass 1855-C.

Are there other Gem Charlotte quarter eagles known? It is possible that a few pieces might exist in shipwrecks, hoards or old collections but I would be surprised if many turn up in the coming years. It is more likely that one or two of the very nice MS64’s will “morph” into MS65’s.

View our inventory.

The Half Eagles of 1818

There are just a handful of Capped Bust Large Diameter half eagles produced from 1813 through 1829 that are not very rare. This type includes some of the rarest United States gold issues ever produced so the type collector is left with essentially four dates that are sometimes available: 1813, 1814/3, 1818 and 1820. In my opinion, the 1818 is one of the most interesting of these four issues and it is certainly one of the most misunderstood.

The original mintage for this year is believed to have been 48,588. As with all of the half eagles produced during this decade, a significant percentage of these coins were melted between the year they were produced and the mid-1830’s. This is, of course, due to the fact that the half eagle denomination had its weight reduced in 1834, making the “old style” pieces worth more than face value. For most dates, well over 95% were melted and in the case of the 1818 there are probably no more than 200-250 examples known.

Given the fact that this issue saw little circulation domestically, the majority of the surviving 1818 half eagles tend to be in Uncirculated grades. The small number of circulated examples that do exist are often in the AU53 to AU58 range and these may not have much in the way of wear but tend to show light cabinet friction or signs of numismatic mishandling.

There are three distinct varieties of 1818 half eagle known. All are recognized by PCGS and NGC and each is considered to be an integral part of a date set of Capped Bust half eagles. Let’s take a quick look at each of the three varieties.

1. Normal Dies (Bass Dannreuther-1). The obverse of this variety has a unique feature that is not seen on any other 1818 half eagle. Each star shows a “notch” which is believed to be a signature used by John Reich to indicate that this die was his work. But the obverse is not the side of this coin that specialists use to determine its BD number. This is the only one of the three varieties of half eagle for this year that has a “normal” reverse. The words STATES OF are properly spaced and there is no recutting on the value.

Bass and Dannreuther estimate that between 10,000 and 15,000 examples of this variety were struck and that 50-65 exist. I tend to agree with these estimates. This variety is generally seen in the AU55 to MS61 range and is often characterized by softness of strike at the centers. The coloration is typically a distinctive orange-gold and most have been lightened or processed. The finest I am aware of is Goldberg 2/01: 4009 ($51,750), ex: Superior 2/99: 3184 ($52,900) which has been graded MS65 by PCGS.

The 1818 Normal Dies is the second scarcest of the three varieties known for this year and I think it is an underappreciated issue.

2. STATESOF variety (BD-2). This variety has a different obverse than the Normal Dies but it is immediately recognizable by having virtually no spacing between the words STATES and OF.

Bass and Dannreuther estimate that between 25,000 and 35,000 examples of this variety were produced and that 100 to 125 survive. I think this estimate may be a touch on the low side but the actual number known is almost certainly less than 150.

This variety is the least scarce of the three 1818 half eagles and it is typically seen in Uncirculated grades. I can’t recall having seen more than a handful that graded lower than AU55 and this suggests that the 1818 STATESOF saw little use in circulation. Most examples are better struck than the other varieties for this year and original, untampered with pieces may show excellent frosty luster that is complimented by light to medium lemon-gold hues.

The finest known 1818 STATESOF half eagle is a remarkable PCGS MS66 that was once part of the Norman Stack type set. It is one of the finest half eagles of this type that I have ever seen or am aware of. The current auction record for this variety is held by Heritage 5/07: 2289 that brought $109,250. It is graded MS64 by PCGS.

3. 5D/50 variety (BD-3). The obverse of this third and final variety is different than that seen on BD-1 or BD-2. But it is the blunder on the reverse that gives this variety its notoriety. The D in the denomination was originally cut over a zero; not because the engraver thought this was a half dollar. This reverse was reused in 1819 with the Wide Date obverse.

Bass and Dannreuther believe that between 7,500 and 10,000 were struck and that there are 35-45 survivors. Given the rarity of this issue, these figures seem accurate. This is a rare coin in all grades and most are in the lower Uncirculated grades. There are a few Gems known including a PCGS MS66 and a PCGS MS65 that was last sold as Goldberg 5/01: 1351, where it realized $71,875.

I’ve had the good fortune to handle all three varieties in the past few months and was able to quickly sell each. These 1818 half eagles are some of the more interesting early half eagles and it would be a fun but not overly-ambitious challenge to acquire all three in reasonably comparable grades.

Classic Head Gold: An Update

I frequently write about the state of the market as it pertains to early gold and Liberty Head issues but I haven’t commented on Classic Head gold in quite a while. So how is the market for Classic Head quarter eagles and half eagles and what do I expect the coming months to look like for these coins? To answer these questions, we need to turn the clock back a few years. Classic Head gold was dormant for what seemed like an eternity. Everyone thought these coins had “potential” but there was never much demand for Classic Heads and they snoozed away in their own little niche-like corner of the market.

This began to change around 2004-2005. A dealer in the Southeast had been quietly building a large position of coins (primarily in the EF-AU grade range) and he carefully began to raise his buy prices. Within a year or two, he had accumulated an impressive number of coins and, on paper, the value of the position had increased.

I never really understood what he did next. Instead of slowly marketing these coins, one day they showed up in another dealer’s inventory (apparently on a consignment) and for many months, the secondary dealer toted hundreds and hundreds of Classic Head gold coins to every major show. It was hard to get excited about this deal when it seemed like every Classic Head gold coin that had ever been slabbed was for sale. At once.

So now you had coins that doubled in price and were readily available. Would the market be able to sustain the new levels? The answer was “no, not really” but in some isolated cases yes.

Had the market for Classic Heads been properly developed, there would have been collectors lined-up for all the EF and AU common dates that were available. As I’ve written before, I think this series is begging for a collecting guidebook. Most dates have a number of very interesting varieties, the sets are completable by collectors on a relatively limited budget, the designs are great and the number of pieces that make up a set are not overwhelming (as with Liberty Head issues).

At the height of the Classic Head market run-up, it wasn’t unusual to see a common date quarter eagle in AU55 trade for $1,750 or so. Today, these same coins have dropped down to $1,250. That’s still a relatively strong level considering that these were $750-1,000 in the earlier part of the decade. How have the common dates in higher grades done? The current market for a common Classic Head quarter eagle in MS63 is around $7,000-8,000. These had been as high as $9,000-10,000 but only if the coin in question was exceedingly nice for the grade. Considering that common dates MS63’s had been around $4,000-5,000 for many years at the earlier part of the decade, I think they’ve held their value reasonably well.

The part of the Classic Head market that has always been the most interesting for me has been the branch mint issues: namely the 1838-C and 1839-C quarter eagles, the 1839-O quarter eagle and the 1838-C and 1838-D half eagles. Unlike the Philadelphia Classic Head issues these five dates have the added demand level caused by branch mint specialists, first-year-of-issue collectors and individuals who just like “neat” coins.

Values for the 1838-C and 1839-C quarter eagles jumped to what I believe were unsustainable levels. This is especially so for the 1839-C. There were suddenly oodles of AU55 and AU58 examples available for sale in the $10,000-20,000 range but the demand for such coins couldn’t keep up with the prices. I think you’ll see levels for these two dates in AU continue to drop but they will remain strong in the “collector grades” (i.e., VF and EF).

The two Classic Head issues that continue to exhibit very strong demand in all grades are the 1838-C and 1838-D half eagles. In the last thirty days, I owned three (!) 1838-C half eagles graded between EF40 and AU50 and, remarkably, every one of them sold within a week of being listed on my website. If I were able to purchase three nice 1838-D half eagles I believe the results would be the same. These are coins where the demand exceeds the supply and I won’t hesitate to continue to buy nice examples whenever they become available.

What are my expectations of the Classic Head market in the coming months? I think you’ll see some continued drops in prices for common date coins graded AU55 to MS63 with the exception of pieces that have nice original color and choice surfaces. I wouldn’t be surprised if the schlocky, processed shiny examples drop another 10-20%.

At new, lower levels I think choice, original common date Classic Head quarter eagles and half eagles are a good value. If you can buy a nice AU55 1834 quarter eagle in the $1,250-1,450 range that seems like a good deal to me. Same goes with a nice AU55 1834 half eagle at, say, $1,500 or so. As I mentioned above, I still love the 1838-C and 1838-D half eagles and I think both of these issues have real upside at current levels.

I think the “secret” dates in the quarter eagle and half eagle series are probably worth exploring right now. I like the 1837 quarter eagle and have always thought that nice 1839 quarter eagles were highly undervalued. In the half eagle series, I think that the 1837 is a good value.

One final thing before I end this article. I’m not going to be the person who does this, but I’d sure like to see someone properly promote the Classic Head series the next time around. By this I don’t mean manipulate prices and demand, but help take a slightly chaotic market and make sense of it. Write a good book, get collectors interested in these coins and gently “push” the market in the right direction by actively buying and selling. That would be a beautiful thing...

The Proof 1878 Quarter Eagle

When viewing mintage figures, most numismatists exclaim that a coin is “rare” because only 10,000 or so were produced. But this figure seems almost laughable in comparison to the mintages for Proof gold coins struck prior to 1900. In fact, many of these issues have mintages that were lower than 100 coins. Proof gold was struck for collectors every year from 1858 until 1915. From the 1850’s until the early 1880’s, mintages were incredibly low. In fact, a few issues have mintages as low as twenty coins. A number of these issues are well-known and highly prized by collectors but a few have fallen through the cracks and their true rarity remains unknown even today. One of these overlooked issues is the Proof 1878 quarter eagle.

I recently sold an NGC PR65 Ultra Cameo example of this rarity to an Eastern collector. In searching through my records I realized that this was the first Proof 1878 quarter eagle that I have handled. And the more I studied this issue, the more I realized just how rare it truly is.

With an original production figure of only 20 Proofs, the 1878 is tied with three other issues (1874, 1875 and 1877) as the lowest mintage Proof date of this denomination from 1859 onwards. The rarity of this was known by numismatists as early as the 1910’s/1920’s. As recently as 1975, David Akers wrote the following about this date:

“Proofs are extremely rare and the 1878 is, in fact, the rarest post-1859 quarter eagle in Proof. At least I know of fewer examples of this date than of any other Proof after 1859. I would estimate that only a half dozen or so remain in unimpaired condition, most of which are impounded in museums or prominent collections.”

Despite this praise from Akers, the rarity of the 1878 seems to have been forgotten by this generation of collectors and other Proofs of this type, namely the 1875, are more highly regarded.

As a rule, Proof gold of this era has a survival rate of approximately half of the original mintage. This typically holds true in the quarter eagle series but the 1878 appears to be an exception. Akers believed that some of the 1878 Proof gold coinage may have been melted after it went unsold and given the extreme rarity of all Proof gold denominations from this year, I feel that this may well be correct.

Unfortunately, the population reports for Proof 1878 quarter eagles include a number of resubmissions and this has further obfuscated the true rarity of this issue. PCGS has graded three: one example each in PR64, PR64 Deep Cameo and PR65 Deep Cameo. NGC shows ten submissions but I can all but guarantee you this number is severely inflated. These include one each in PR63, PR64 and PR65 plus four (!) in PR64 Ultra Cameo and three in PR65 Ultra Cameo.

In the last decade or so, I am aware of only two distinct examples of this date being available for sale at public auction. The most recent of these was a PCGS PR65 that was offered as Superior 8/06: 639. It brought $32,570.

My best estimate is that there are seven or eight examples known. This includes at least two that are impounded (ANS and Smithsonian). Breen wrote that “at least three” are impaired but I have never seen or heard of one of these.

As someone who has specialized in rare United States gold for over two decades, it isn’t often that I handle a coin that is so rare that it causes me to write a blog about it. But this was clearly the case with the Proof 1878 quarter eagle that I just sold. It was an exciting piece for me to handle and I greatly appreciate being able to buy and sell it.

Some Thoughts on Proof Bust Silver Coinage: Part One - Half Dimes and Dimes

Proof gold coinage has been called the “caviar of numismatics” - and with good reason. Everyone loves a nice Proof gold coin and there is no denying the rarity of these issues. But compared to Proof Bust silver coins, most Proof gold is common. I would contend that Proof Bust silver coinage is one of the most fascinating—and undervalued—areas in all of numismatics. The earliest known Proof silver coins (at least those that are universally regarded as having been unquestionably struck as Proofs) date to around 1820. From the early part of the 1820’s until 1837 (when the Capped Bust design was replaced), Proof silver coins were struck in limited quantities. Generally speaking, mintages were around ten to twenty pieces per year. In most cases, official mintage figures were not accurately recorded and rarity estimates today are somewhat speculative. It is clear to state, however, that all Proof Bust silver is, at the very least, quite rare.

The intention of this article is to give the beginning and intermediate collector an overview of Proof Bust coinage by focusing on each of the denominations that were produced in the Proof format. In addition, at the end of this article, I will discuss some pertinent points about these coins that I think are important for all collectors to consider.
I. Bust Half Dimes

There are a few 1794 half dimes known that have been categorized by NGC as Specimen strikings but the first true Proofs were made in 1829. The 1829 has a reported mintage of thirty pieces and it is the most obtainable issue of this type as a Proof by a fairly large margin. I think there are around ten to fifteen known including a few really superb Gems. The best of these is a single example graded PR67 by PCGS; the single finest Proof Bust Half Dime of any date graded by PCGS.

The 1830 has a reported mintage of ten and it is extremely rare with an estimated four or five known. An example graded PR65 by PCGS was recently sold as Lot 1039 in the Heritage 12/08 auction for a strong $50,025. If I’m not mistaken, this is the most that a PR65 Bust Half Dime has ever brought at auction.

The 1831 is another extremely rare issue. I think it is comparable in rarity to the 1831 or perhaps it is just a touch less rare.

The 1832 and the 1833 both have reported mintages of ten Proofs but neither may exist. There have been examples sold at auction as “Proofs” but these were actually reflective business strikes.

The 1834 is probably the second most available date in Proof with as many as ten or so in existence. PCGS has graded two in PR65 and two in PR66 but I have not personally seen a nice example in many years.

The 1835 is a mysterious issue. Ten Proofs were reportedly struck but neither PCGS nor NGC have ever certified an example. Given the fact that Proofs of this year exist for other silver denominations, I would not be surprised if a few exist.

1836 is an extremely rare year with just three to five Proofs known including an amazing PR66 certified by PCGS. No Proof 1837 Bust half dimes are known or rumored to exist. Overall, the Bust Half Dime series is extremely rare in Proof. Only four dates (the 1829, 1830, 1831 and 1834) are even collectible and just one (the 1829) is seen with any degree of regularity. Until recently, Proof Bust half dimes were very reasonably priced given their rarity but this appears to have changed a few years ago. Still, the $40,000-50,000 that it would now take to purchase a PCGS Gem Proof example is still probably good value considering their true rarity.

These coins tend to be very difficult to determine Proof status. Unlike Dimes and Quarters which often “look Proof,” very few Proof Half Dimes of this era have unquestionable status. See the end of this article for some buying tips.
II. Bust Dimes

The Large Size Bust Dimes of 1809 to 1828 are extremely rare as Proofs. It is likely that no more than five to ten Proofs were struck most years and, in some cases, the actual number could well be less. Coinage of Proofs began in 1820.

The existence of Proof 1820 Dimes is controversial but at least one has been certified by NGC. There are an estimated two or three known 1821 Proof Dimes known including a Gem from the Garrett collection.

It is believed that three 1822 Proof Dimes are known. Two have been graded PR66 by PCGS. No Proof 1823 Dimes are believed to exist while three 1824/2’s are known. The finest Proof 1824/2 is the remarkable Bareford/Menjou coin that is currently in an NGC PR67. Many specialists regard this as the single finest known Proof early dime.

There are two or three Proof 1825 Dimes known. The 1827 is the most available Proof of this type with as many as five or six known from an estimated mintage of ten. Interestingly, at least one is known that is from a Proof-only die pair. There are more Gems in existence of this year than of the other early Proofs as well. No 1828 Large Date Proofs are known.

In 1828, the design of the Dime was changed. The 1828 Small Date exists in Proof but it is extremely rare. It has been stated that as many as five Proofs are known but I believe that this is inaccurate and that there are only three. 1829 saw a larger mintage of Proofs with an estimated ten or so struck. At least five or so exist and it is interesting that of the twelve different die varieties known for this date at least three exist in a Proof format.

Proof 1830 Dimes are extremely rare. I believe that there are three or four known including one or two Gems. The 1831 is the most obtainable Proof Bust Dime. There are as many as ten to twelve known and I have seen at least six of these coins including three Gems.

There is just a single Proof 1832 Dime known and it is a PCGS PR64 that I sold to a Louisiana specialist around a decade ago. At one time it was believed that 1833 Dimes were unknown in Proof but PCGS has graded two and NGC has graded four, making it likely that at least two or three distinct examples exist. The finest known is a PCGS PR66 that recently sold for $149,500 in the Heritage 2008 ANA sale.

1834 is among the more available early dimes in Proof. There are as many as seven or eight known including examples in three different die varieties. This includes a piece in the famous King of Siam Proof Set and as many as two superb Gems graded PR67 by PCGS. All 1835 Proof Dimes appear to be struck from the same die pair (JR-4) and this date is one of the more available of this design in Proof. I believe that there are around eight or so known with at least half of these grading in the PR63 to PR64 range. I know of at least two Gems including a PCGS PR67CAM which is unquestionably the finest known.

Proof 1836 Dimes are extremely rare. All are from the JR-2 dies and it is doubtful if more than three are known. None are Gems. The final year of issue for this type is the 1837 and this is a controversial year as far as Proofs go. The authors of the book “Early United States Dimes, 1796-1837” believe that at least two Proofs are known but neither PCGS nor NGC have yet to grade one. I believe that they exist but that they have not traded via public auction since the early 1980’s.

As I mentioned at the beginning of this article, I have some buying tips for collectors who are interested in purchasing Proof bust coinage. These tips are based on having bought many of these coins myself and having looked at most of the major offerings that have appeared at public auction since the mid-1980’s.

1. When it comes to Proof bust coins, pedigree is exceedingly important. With some research, you can determine what a coin sold for before it was slabbed by PCGS or NGC. As an example, if an 1831 Dime that was called a “Proof” sold for a seemingly low figure when it was offered for sale as a raw coin in the 1980’s or 1990’s, this is a strong red flag. For collectors of Proof bust coins, important old-time collections such as Eliasberg, Pittman and Norweb are the Holy Grail. If a coin from one of these collections was cataloged as a Proof and it brought the right level, I’d consider this a strong endorsement for the coin’s status as a Proof.
2. My first rule of determining if a coin is or isn’t as Proof is as follows: if it doesn’t look like a Proof it isn’t. I tend to go with my gut instinct and if I have to convince myself that a coin is a Proof, that’s not a good sign.
3. Just because PCGS or NGC calls it a Proof does not mean absolutely for certain that it is. I have seen a number of coins that these services have called Proof that I do not agree with.
4. Learn which varieties are known in Proof. If a coin is the wrong variety then it probably is not a Proof. Buy the standard references for each series and learn the characteristics of the varieties that have known Proofs.
5. Make a trip to the Smithsonian when it reopens and look at their early Proofs. Or go to the ANA Museum and look at Harry Bass’ early gold Proofs. These are true Proofs and you can get a good idea of what the base line is for comparative purposes.

Next month: Part Two, focusing on Proof Bust Quarter and Bust Half Dollars.